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5.56mm Ammunition The 5.56mm round was adopted as the new NATO standard in the 1980s, replacing 7.62mm NATO ammunition as the alliance's standard rifle and machine gun ammunition. Canada followed suit in this standardization by adopting the C7 rifle and C9 light machine gun as the standard weapons of an Infantry Section. DesignationsThis round is also known as 5.56mm x 45 (45 being the length of the case in millimetres), 5.56mm NATO or in Imperial measurements as .223-inch or .223 calibre. |